Frontiers in Global Research is an international, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary journal dedicated to advancing knowledge across a broad spectrum of academic fields. The journal welcomes high-quality research articles, reviews, case studies, and theoretical papers from scholars and practitioners working in science, technology, medicine, humanities, social sciences, education, and the arts. JOURNAL PARTICULARS Title: Frontiers in Global Research Publisher: Sprin Publisher | Initial: FGR | Abbreviation: Front. Glob. Res. Frequency: Bi-monthly | ISSN: 3107-5398 (Online) | DOI: 10.55559/fgr Chief Editor: Dr. Doaa Taher Matrood AL-dihaymawee Copyright: Author(s) | Starting Year: 2025 | Format: Online Subjects: Multidisciplinary Subjects | Language: English Email IDs: editor@fgrjournal.com Website: https://fgrjournal.com/en Address: Sprin Publisher, House No-132, Kadamoni Pather, Juria, Nagaon, Assam - 782124, India
From Militias to Minerals: The Economic and Security Effects of the Rwanda-DRC Peace Accord on Eastern Congo
This paper examines the economic and security effects of the Rwanda-DRC Peace Accord to the conflict-stricken area of Eastern Congo. Nevertheless, the cycles of violence and illegal extraction of resources have become the order of the day in the region, despite the formal agreements that are meant to disarm militias and stabilize the situation in the mineral-rich regions. The study will be focused on evaluating whether the peace accord resulted in any significant decrease in militia activity and any gains in terms of mineral governance. It uses qualitative case study approach, which relies on interviews, policy reports and conflict mapping information to assess the post-accord developments in North and South Kivu. There are initial indications that although cross-border collaboration is now better and the number of militias demobilized, there are still formidable challenges in this regard that appear because of the ineffectiveness of institutions in implementing the goals and informal mining exploitation. The study is adding to peacebuilding and conflict economics literature and offers policy-relevant information on the sustainability of resources governance in the future and on the stability of the region of the Great Lakes region and further diplomatic work in the region.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammed Kabeer Garba, Jibrin Hussaini Abubakar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Artificial Intelligence and the future of Political Propaganda
This paper examines how Artificial Intelligence (AI) is changing the future of political propaganda by looking at the way that new technologies are changing political communication, misinformation, and democratic procedures. It discusses the use of AI technology, including deepfakes and chatbots and algorithmic targeting, in the dissemination of persuasive and often misleading political information. The study, based on the qualitative research design and content analysis of such case studies as the 2016 elections to the House in the U.S. and the digital propaganda strategies of China, reveals some important trends in manipulations carried out with the help of AI. The results suggest that AI facilitates the possibility of hyper-personalized, scaled, and covert propaganda, which dethrones the previous paradigm of transparency and responsibility in democratic rhetoric. The paper insists that AI is capable of enhancing misinformation, but it can also help in identifying and preventing propaganda. It ends with policy suggestions, which are centered on regulation, ethical AI creation, and digital literacy to protect democratic integrity in the era of algorithmic influence.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammed Kabeer Garba (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Peace or Paralysis? The Impact of the Israeli-Hamas Conflict on the Oslo Accords and the Future of Palestinian Statehood Negotiations
The Oslo Accord of 1993 was a historic move to form a two-state solution that would be used between Israel and the Palestinians. Nevertheless, the emergence of Hamas and the repeated violent disputes with Israel have seriously weakened the application and applicability of the Accords. This paper will look at how the Israeli-Hamas crisis has affected the unity of the Palestinians, the diversion of Israeli security agendas and the frozen peace talks structure at a larger scale. The study based on a qualitative approach of case study will analyze official records, academic literature, and timelines of conflicts in order to trace the dissolution of trust and diplomacy. The results indicate that systemic animosity has broken the Palestinian political representation, undermined the international faith in the Oslo process, and added to an increasing pessimism regarding negotiated statehood. This research arrives at the conclusion that there is no way that future efforts at peace making will not be at a stand still unless the issue of Hamas and intra-Palestinian divisions are solved. The study speaks in favor of amended framework that is accounted by contemporary political realities and players on the two ends.
Immigration, Nationalism, and Power: Assessing the Impact of Trump’s Immigration Policies on America’s Future Global Role
In this work, the author examines the point of contact between immigration policy, nationalism, and international power by evaluating how the restrictive immigration agenda of President Trump affects the international leadership position of the United States. Using the case study approach of research design through qualitative analysis of policy documents, diplomatic speech, and media coverage, the study defines how the travel ban, separation of families, and limits on asylum impacted the nationalist ideology and transformed the views of America as a soft power and a legitimate nation. The results indicate that the Trump immigration crackdown has led to the reduction in international approval, damaged alliances, and the loss of normative leadership of the U.S. in terms of human rights and multilateralism. The paper presents the idea that nationalist internationalization policies, though strategically important in the domestic context, hurt the long-term world power and reputation. It adds to the literature on political economy and international relations by making connections between domestic populism and undermining the liberal world order and demanding the policy to be adjusted in response to the loss of international trust.
President Trump’s Tariff Threat and Its Implication for Global Trade and Development
This study evaluates the aggressive tariff policies of President Donald Trump and its effects on the global trade and development. As a result of the ideological paradigm of economic nationalism, the Trump administration took a confrontational stance towards international trade, directed to such major economies as China, the European Union, and Mexico. This paper examines the reasons why these policies were implemented, the upheavals they brought about and the implications of these to the overall governance of the global economy. Based on the qualitative analysis, case studies, and secondary data sources of WTO, World Bank, and IMF, the research investigates how the threat of tariffs had impacts on global supply chains, changed trade partners, and challenged the multilateral trade system. The results indicate that although certain domestic industries benefited in short-term, the uncertainty and retaliation strategies led to the derailment of global progress particularly Global South. The paper finds that the unilateral tariff threats undermine trust in institutions of trade, increase economic instability and that changes are required to have a more inclusive global trade framework.
Conflict and Continuity: The Future of Hezbollah in the Wake of Israeli Military Strikes on Lebanon
This paper discusses how Hezbollah can survive in the future, with the assumption of new Israeli military attacks on Lebanon, and how these events will influence the strategies, politics and ideologies of the Hezbollah. The study takes a qualitative approach, where the case studies and document analysis are seen to assess how Hezbollah has reacted to recent heightening, its changing role in Lebanon and the overall regional dynamics that involve the Iran, Syria and Israel. The paper is based on the realism and the constructivism and suggests that Hezbollah is at a crossroads: whether to remain a resistance movement and stay firmly rooted in politics. It has been indicated that key findings are that military confrontation helps to strengthen its legitimacy of resistance but domestic pressures and international scrutiny jeopardize its long-term survival. The study brings out weaknesses of the current Israeli deterrence policies and weaknesses of the Lebanese state machinery. The paper highlights the necessity to reset the regional policy, which would consider the origins of the influence of Hezbollah and wider geopolitical tension that leads to conflict.
How AI Learns Pragmatics: The Limits of Contextual Understanding
Natural language processing (NLP) has come a long way in the area of artificial intelligence (AI), making it possible for machines to do more complex language jobs. However, it is still very hard to understand and create functional meaning, which is how the environment affects how we understand what people say. This essay looks at how AI systems learn pragmatics, focusing on what they can and can't do when it comes to knowing context. The study uses ideas from pragmatics, linguistics, and cognitive science to look at how modern AI models, like transformer-based systems, deal with things like implicature, speech acts, deixis, and the consistency of conversation. it uses both numeric performance measures and qualitative mistake analysis as a method. The results show that AI models can understand some patterns of pragmatic reasoning, but they struggle with figurative language, secondary meanings, and conversations that involve more than one turn. The talk looks at what this means for AI design and suggests ways to make systems that are more context-aware and useful. This study helps make AI better at understanding words like humans by combining linguistic theory with computer models.
Copyright (c) 2025 Doaa Taher Matrood, Sharifi Shahla (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Conversational Implicature in Human-AI Interactions
AI (artificial intelligence) systems should be able to talk more and more like people as the way people use computers changes. But there is still a big problem: how to understand and use verbal implicature, which is a key part of being pragmatically competent. This article looks at how implicature works between people and AI, as well as how well AI systems understand and use suggested ideas. From the point of view of Grice's Cooperative Principle and maxims, this study looks at how well chatbots like ChatGPT, Google Assistant, and Siri work in real life. There is a mix of different research methods used in this paper, such as controlled tests and qualitative speech analysis. It also looks at how people understand implicature and how AI acts in various situations, such as when it needs to be funny, polite, or use subtle language. This study utilises various aspects of language to demonstrate that AI can replicate some meanings after being trained on large datasets, but it often struggles to comprehend non-literal purposes or process contexts dynamically.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yousif Salman, Doaa TaherMatrood (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of AI in Moderating Online Hate Speech: A Discourse Evaluation
As people spend more time online, hate speech on social media and other digital channels has grown into a big problem for everyone. Because of this, a lot of tech companies have started to use systems that use artificial intelligence (AI) to find, screen, and limit harmful materials. The goal of this study is to find out how AI can help police stop hate speech online by looking at how these technologies affect, change, and sometimes confuse digital communication. It is easy and quick for AI to solve problems, but it often has trouble with the complicated rules of language that people use, like humor, metaphor, cultural context, and new terms. People are worried about both too much and too little filtering, which means that legal speech is being taken away and hate speech that is secret or coded is not being found.
Copyright (c) 2025 Doaa Taher Matrood (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Eco-Linguistics & Literary Futures: Voices on a Warming Planet
In this study, we look at eco-linguistics and current environmental literature, focusing on how language use and writing respond to the problem of climate change. The field of eco-linguistics looks at how language, thought, and the natural world are linked. It looks at how biological settings both make language and change it. It's also a place where people can talk about and think critically about how people affect the environment, how the environment is changing, and what the future of the world might be like. Environmental writing includes songs, stories, articles, and science fiction. This study looks at how literary works use metaphors, story frameworks, and words to make people more aware, get them to act, and rethink what a sustainable future could look like. Eco-critical theories, critical discourse analysis, and thematic literary analysis are all used together in this study to look at works by authors such as Amitav Ghosh, Barbara Kingsolver, Margaret Atwood, and Octavia Butler. This study talks a lot about how words can hurt the world and help it get better. The paper makes the case that eco-linguistics and creative expression can be used together to make ways to fight climate change and hold on to hope. It does this by looking at how natural quiet, chaos, and new ideas show up in texts. There are new conversations going on in the fields of environmental arts and language ecology because this study shows that literary options are important places to think creatively and act on the environment. It is stressed at the end of the paper how important it is to use language and literature together to solve environmental problems and get people to care for the world.
Language of Change: Literature & Linguistics in a World in Crisis
The purpose of this study is to examine how language, both in literary works and in linguistic systems, operates as a change agent in the midst of global crises, such as climate change, war, pandemics, and sociopolitical upheaval. The function of literature and linguistics as both reflectors and moulders of collective consciousness is gaining increased relevance in a society that is becoming more moulded by uncertainty and fast upheaval. This study investigates how texts not only reflect crises but also actively engage in the construction of alternatives, the formation of identities, and the mobilisation of resistance. It does so by drawing on eco-linguistics, discourse theory, and critical literary studies. A comparative analysis of modern fiction and critical discourse is included in the research. The purpose of this analysis is to investigate how narrative structures and language choices react to, support, or reject prevailing ideologies during times of crisis. The purpose of this study is to illustrate how writers and speakers negotiate power, solidarity, and hope via the use of a combined methodological framework that incorporates critical discourse analysis (CDA), narrative theory, and literary close reading. An emerging multidisciplinary area that tries to reinvent the humanities as instruments for survival and social change in crisis circumstances is the subject of this enquiry, which adds to the field. In the end, it makes the case that literature and linguistics are not only passive mirrors of reality but rather active forces that shape the language of change.
Copyright (c) 2025 Behzad Ghonsooly, Doaa Taher Matrood (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Childhood Shadows: The Lasting Impact of Early Trauma in Modern Fiction
This study explores the enduring influence of childhood trauma as represented in modern fiction, focusing on how early emotional wounds continue to shape characters’ identities, relationships, and life trajectories. Drawing on trauma theory, psychoanalytic developmental psychology, and narrative theory, the paper analyzes three works that portray childhood trauma in literary contexts: Zadie Smith’s On Beauty (2005), Kazuo Ishiguro’s A Pale View of Hills (1982), and Tana French’s The Witch Elm (2018). Through close textual analysis, the study investigates how authors employ narrative structure, focalization, internal monologue, symbolism, and memory distortion to depict the complex legacies of early trauma. The analysis reveals thematic and stylistic consistencies across texts—such as nonlinear chronology, unreliable narration, bodily metaphors, and haunting imagery—demonstrating how fiction can dramatize the psychological persistence of past wounds. By situating these literary representations within current psychological models of attachment, resilience, and re-traumatization, the paper highlights the capacity of narrative to render internal suffering and to frame trauma as a dynamic, lifelong process. The study concludes that modern fiction reveals how childhood trauma doesn’t simply occur—it endures, morphs, and shapes emotional and moral landscapes across a lifetime.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ravithiya R. Jayamoha (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Gender and Power in the Works of Margaret Atwood and Zadie Smith
The complicated links between gender and power are looked at in this article through the works of two famous modern authors, Margaret Atwood and Zadie Smith. Their stories have a lot of feminist and postcolonial ideas in them. Through a comparison of a few chosen novels, such as Smith's White Teeth (2000) and Swing Time (2016) and Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale (1985) and Alias Grace (1996), the study looks at how both authors deal with themes of female agency, systemic oppression, and navigating one's identity within racialised and patriarchal power structures. This study looks at how Atwood and Smith show resistance, cooperation, and ways to survive in social and political settings with racial and gendered structures. It does this by using feminist literature theory, intersectionality, and postcolonial theories. Their story patterns and themes are both the same and different, according to the study. This helps us understand the bigger effects on society and ideas. We can better understand how contemporary feminist literature questions and changes conversations about gender and power by seeing how Atwood's bleak vision and Smith's mixed points of view can always be used to talk about how complicated identity politics are.
Copyright (c) 2025 Doaa Taher Matrood, Yousif Ali Yousif Salman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Emotional Survival: Trauma and Healing in the Works of Ian McEwan
This paper investigates how trauma and emotional survival are represented in the works of Ian McEwan, one of the most psychologically acute writers in contemporary British fiction. Through a close examination of Atonement (2001), Enduring Love (1997), and The Child in Time (1987), this study analyzes how McEwan depicts trauma’s immediate psychological effects and the long-term process of healing and emotional reconstruction. The research draws on trauma theory, psychoanalytic literary criticism, and narrative studies to explore how McEwan’s narrative strategies—such as interior monologue, focalization, temporal distortion, and symbolic imagery—mirror the disrupted consciousness of trauma survivors. Each novel engages with different forms of trauma: war, sudden loss, obsessive delusion, and the guilt of past actions. However, they converge on a shared concern with how characters respond emotionally to catastrophic disruption and whether healing is ultimately possible. The analysis reveals that McEwan portrays trauma not only as psychological damage but as a deeply existential and moral phenomenon, embedded in the structures of memory, time, and narrative. His fiction often avoids neat resolutions, instead highlighting the ambiguity and complexity of emotional recovery. The study concludes that McEwan’s work reflects a literary ethics of witnessing, one that values psychological nuance and resists reductive portrayals of either victimhood or closure. This paper contributes to trauma literature by demonstrating how fiction serves as a critical site for exploring the emotional intricacies of survival and healing.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yousif Ali Yousif Salman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AI and Human Emotion: Ethical Dilemmas in Recent Dystopian Novels
More and more, new dystopian books look at how artificial intelligence (AI) and human emotions interact. This brings up difficult ethics questions about identity, liberty, and sensitivity in societies that are influenced by technology. This essay looks into how modern future fiction shows the moral problems that come up when AI gets involved with human emotions. This study looks at how narrative strategies are used to question the lines between human and machine emotional experience by analysing important works like Kazuo Ishiguro's Klara and the Sun (2021), Martha Wells's Murderbot Diaries (2017–2020), and Ann Leckie's Ancillary Justice (2013). The study uses ethical theory, philosophy of mind, and female technology studies to show how these books question common ideas about moral duty, empathy, and free will. The paper uses a qualitative, interpretive approach that combines close reading with ethical analysis to show how future stories make it harder for people to deal with their feelings when AI comes along. The results show that AI in these stories often tries to take away real emotional connection, but it also creates new ways to think about ethics in a posthuman age. This study adds to current academic discussions about technology, emotion, and ethics. It shows how important writing is for dealing with new moral problems caused by AI.
Copyright (c) 2025 Esraa Taher Matrood (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Language and Digital Identity: A Sociolinguistic Study of Online Communities
This study looks at how language use in online groups shapes and changes people's digital identities. The study looks at how people use identity on sites like Reddit, Discord, and Twitter by using sociolinguistic theory, digital discourse analysis, and identity formation theories. The study looks at things like code-switching, style variation, emojis, jokes, and community-specific jargon using sociolinguistic profiles and qualitative content analysis. The paper makes the case that digital identity is not a set trait, but a performance that changes depending on the situation and is affected by how people use language, the tools available, and the rules of the community. The Beginning Language has become one of the main ways that people build and act out their identities as the number of online platforms grows and digital interactions become more important in everyday life. Online communication is different from face-to-face communication because it provides users with a unique mix of privacy, permanency, and multiple ways to express themselves. This lets them use identity practices that are flexible, complicated, and sometimes contradicting. This research looks at how people use words to negotiate their identities in online groups where the rules are always changing and anyone can join in. As you communicate, your digital identity is constantly being formed by the technology features of the platform, the community's standards, and the larger social and cultural environment. This is what makes digital identity truly different from offline identity. Goffman (1959) and Butler (1990) both say that identity is not fixed but performance, and this performativity is amplified and expanded in digital places. Users are not limited to a single part or identity; they can switch between and represent different identities, which may even be at odds with each other. Language is very important to this process.
The Sense of Humor in Geoffrey Chaucer's Works
Geoffrey Chaucer is widely regarded as the most influential literary figure in the development of contemporary English. Since he was able to elevate the linguistic melting pot of Anglo-Saxon, French, and Latin to the level of a literary vehicle independent of any other languages' impact, he has maintained a strong following around the world. As with most things, humor can be taken both literally and figuratively. Strictly speaking, it refers to an inoffensive form of laughter. In a larger context, it can refer to both dry and sarcastic humor (Satire). All these varieties of humor can be found in works by Chaucer. Also, that the works he brought up that presented the subject of satire in a literary form for the first time made this a transformation in literature, His major work, The Canterbury Tales, is a literary light on (Satire) from which emerges the black comedy and its concept presented in literature today. However, this study aims to identify the sense of humor in Geoffrey Chaucer's works, and study aims with understanding and analyzing Chaucer's intentions in literary work and his role in the birth of satire and black comedy through what came in his satirical objectivity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yousif Ali Yousif (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Jill Santopolo's “The Light We Lost”: Speech Act Analysis
In this paper, the researcher examines the American novel “The Light We Lost” according to Searle’s Speech Act theory. Many studies use speech acts theory on political discourse, medical discourse and even on some literary works, but non-has studied Jill Santopolo's “The Light We Lost” according to Searle’s speech act theory or any linguistics theory. Thus, the study tries to fill a gap in the study by answering the following research question 1. Is it possible to apply pragmatics theories to modern fiction? 2. What are the speech act features introduced by Jill Santopolo's “The Light We Lost”? 3. What speech act is used more than others in the selected texts “The Light We Lost”?
Copyright (c) 2025 Doaa Taher Matrood, Dr. Raith Zeher Abid2 (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Narrative Time and Language: A Structuralist Analysis of Outlander
Diana Gabaldon’s Outlander (1991) combines elements of historical fiction with the fantasy genre in time travel, producing a rich narrative that engages issues of identity, gender, history, and power. This research paper analyzes the novel from the standpoint of structuralism, particularly the relationship between narrative time and language. The structuralist frame narrows in on the underlying system of meaning that Gabaldon employs, illuminating new aspects of how she constructs her narrative. The paper examines the novel's double temporality, as Claire Randall walks on both the 20th and the 18th -century sides through the lens of Ferdinand de Saussure's theories of language and Claude Lévi-Strauss's structuralism. This study also investigates the dichotomy between modernity and tradition, power and submission, and their roles in shaping Claire's identity and social life. Citations of historical texts and narrative elements signal to the reader that time and language are significant not as narrative devices in Gabaldon's novels but as vehicles through which the tensions of historical memory, personal agency, and social power are fashioned and explored. By examining these components, this paper illuminates how Outlander creates meaning by manipulating narrative time and language, thus revealing the complex systems of historical fiction and time travel narratives.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yousif Ali Yousif, Dr Doaa Taher Matrood (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Philosophical Influence of the Medieval English in Religious Writings
Over the years, the occupation significantly impacted the cultural, social, and literary levels. It affected the way people think and the extent of their interaction with cultural and other affairs, and one of the crucial aspects affected by this is the literary and linguistic aspects. Therefore, we find that the French occupation greatly affected the English language, causing the disappearance of many of its original vocabulary and the penetration of not a few French terms into English literature and the English language. On the other hand, religious philosophy, which was mainly in control of all aspects of English life, had a significant impact on influencing English culture and the way of thinking of society, so few English literary works do not deal with religious themes, while the rest of the works, including plays, poems, and others, all work on the spiritual character in the literary work because of the Church's control over all the affairs of society and the abundance of its celebrations and its constant contact with authors who produce scholarly works that talk about religion, theology and the Church, as well as philosophical topics, as the Church was an excellent support for religious philosophy. The aim of this study is to reveal the interaction between religion and philosophy, the extent of their impact on society, the way religion is intertwined in literature, and the extent of the influence of the Catholic Church on English or European society as a whole, so to speak, and whether there are literary works that have survived the sweeping of religious philosophy into English literature, also this study examines the content of several medieval works to ascertain the extent to which the influence of the Church may be discerned.
A Critical Discourse Study of The Midnight Library
Matt Haig’s The Midnight Library uses a very familiar, personal story to unpack the relationship between decisions, regret, and existential well-being. This research utilizes a critical discourse analysis (CDA) approach to analyze the linguistic and thematic structures embedded in the text. Fairclough's three-dimensional framework investigates the process of language formation and meaning construction that affects identity, intimacy, and the social meaning of pleasure and success, unpacking how these collective and transmitted authoritarian social norms inhibit individual agency. Analyzing The Midnight Library in this light elucidates the discursive techniques that make it a tangible discussion on life's potential, constraints, and quest for purpose. The following research questions are addressed in this paper: 1. Does Haig use words and metaphors in The Midnight Library to create and challenge norms about pleasure, fortune, and personal fulfilment? 2. What mental health stigmas are under examination and criticism in The Midnight Library, and how do these criticisms relate to broader social discourses? 3. How do the narrative and linguistic patterns of the novel encapsulate the tension between broader societal forces and individuals’ free will as it pertains to Nora Seed’s evolution?